What is Osteopathy?

The Osteopathic Medicine was discovered by Andrew Taylor Still (Lee County, Virginia, 8/6/1828-12/12/1917), mechanical engineering, DM (Medicine Doctor), and D.O. (Osteopathy Doctor)

We will try here to show the basic principles of a therapeuthic approach, such as osteopathy. We´ll start by saying that is not a profession for-medical or alternative medicine, or a series of disconnected techniques of an overall picture that can be applied outside of an overall treatment plan osteopathic, conceived from a “clinical diagnosis from an osteopathic functional examination”

It is therefore a therapeutic discipline and a body of knowledge based on the anatomy and physiology of the human body, knowledge of how the different tissues involved in the production of the disease and the application of standardization techniques altered functions, Osteopathy techniques developed for over a century of evolution of the discipline (the first school of Osteopathy in 1892 in the U.S.) through the School of Osteopathy or Osteopathic medical schools, depending on the development of discipline in each country. Although it is Osteopathy primarily related problems affecting the musculoskeletal system, the truth is that it treats human beings as a whole, as a whole, by restoring the balance disturbed by manual techniques directed to any of the affected tissues, whether the musculoskeletal, visceral, nervous etc. This is a manual therapy that helps relieve, correct and restore musculoskeletal injuries and organic pathologies. The osteopathic intervention makes a functional diagnosis from which uses a set of methods and techniques for therapeutic and / or preventive manually applied on tissues, muscle, connective, nervous, etc, obtained directly or reflected physiological reactions balance and normalize the different muscle disorders, musculoskeletal, organic and functional, improving or resolving the clinical picture and with special emphasis on painful manifestations. Self-regulatory mechanisms in the body are insured by the nervous system, circulatory and lymphatic systems. The loss or reduction of these intrinsic mechanisms may lead to disease states. The osteopathic intervention could affect especially in pre-pathological states, ie, functional derangement phases of initial symptomatic manifestations, but for lack of information or health literacy, most of the time they go to osteopathic treatment in advanced phases alteration of health. In these cases, osteopathy also provides inherent self-regulatory mechanisms, allowing the body to recover and get the normalization of the altered functions, resulting in decreased symptoms and reunion with the condition.
Osteopathy works thus facilitating compliance and self-regulation of any disease organism and do not so much dependent of external or purely passive solutions, as is the use, sometimes excessive drug. Osteopathy, in a context of holistic approach, through global models bio-medical and psycho-social, promote or recovering homeostasis or mechanical equilibrium of all body tissues musculoskeletal, nervous, visceral, circulatory etc, and does so with the application of manual techniques directed to the tissues identified as pathological functional osteopathic diagnosis. Technological development manual Osteopathy, falling on all the tissues mentioned, has led to the classification of techniques in several large groups, depending on which tissues act. So, we talked about: Structural osteopathy or addressed to the musculoskeletal system, where we apply various techniques adapted to each dysfunction, every tissue, every patient, occurring during the treatment session, a continuous and an ongoing analysis of Osteopath decide on which technique to apply. 

Visceral osteopathy, designed to act on the tissues involved in the functions of the viscera in relation fibrous membranes, muscles, different slip planes between the organs, blood vessels, nerves, all the fabrics to make the operation organic must be free on their anatomical passage, which does not always occur and may be due to adhesions, traction myofascial hindering the normal mobility of the viscera. Manual techniques help release visceral interruptions in the flow of motion, giving the body a functional basis more useful, productive and healthy. Cranial osteopathy and craniosacral therapy which acts also by manual, release and facilitate micromobility the skull and the entire craniosacral relationship through meningeal membranes and the role of cerebrospinal fluid. Some consequences of postural abnormalities, trauma, muscle imbalances etc, can affect cranial nerves, arteries, glands and other tissues, passing through holes or head inside it, which can cause nerve pain, impaired vision, hearing, impaired some glandular functions, dizziness, migraines, and even through the autonomic nervous system, digestive disorders, respiratory, vascular, etc.. During the physical examination, osteopathic the patient, the osteopath assesses the state in search of anatomic dysfunction in different tissues in different systems related to symptomatology, establishing and correlating possible psycho somatic reflexes, somatopsíquicos, viscerosomatic etc. For example, a somatic pain at the back or arm, may reflect a visceral gastrointestinal or cardiac condition, what we try to bring out during the osteopathic diagnosis and, thus, treat the real cause of the problem rather both the symptom. As an example, we say also that the primary dysfunction or because of all the subsequent mechanical derangement given segment will be symptomatic, painful, often placed at this distance, and for that reason, Osteopathy Treat the painful area other segments of the chain remote cause of tension, joint dysfunction, muscle, etc. that end up overloading the tissue that eventually the symptom painful. Back pain is very common to find that answer a primary cause of a history of bad ankle injuries resolved. This results in an altered gait biomechanics that ends up overloaded lumbar vertebral level or other, causing pain and functional deficit. An important aspect of the competence of the Osteopath, osteopathic diagnosis is established, while a differential diagnosis or assessment of medical competence problems, so that any patient with suspected pathology which is not indicated or where Osteopathy necessary allopathic medical intervention, the patient is oriented provider to perform diagnosis and appropriate treatment. This means that complementarity and interrelatedness osteopathic physician and must be complete to ensure a multidisciplinary approach to the patient. As indications of Osteopathy and, given the short space available, we will focus on the problems mentioned most often discussed and expressed very generic. The field of action is geared to all structures of the human body and in regard to the locomotive, has important information on disorders that present with pain at the spine (cervical pain, headache, stiff neck, back pain, back pain, sciatica and, in general, neuralgias of vertebral origin or peripheral compressive syndromes), or level of the trunk, costal region and pain in the upper or lower (sequelae of trauma, sprains, tendinopathies etc). They also have special instructions syndromes and migraine headaches, dizziness, digestive disorders, functional, and also of the cardiorespiratory system, circulatory, gynecological etc.. 

Multitude of disorders related to temporomandibular joint have osteopathic treatment indication, ie the relationship between the dentist and the osteopath amplifies the results in the treatment of occlusal and dental disorders in general. In short, any functional problem that affects the muscular system or osteoarticular lead, sooner or later, an organic problem, since all the organic functions are interrelated. For example, the mechanical dysfunction spinal injury is a micromechanical nature that it maintains, by reflecting, with deep muscle spasms (defense mechanism starts the nervous system), often reversible either spontaneously or osteopathic manipulation during a treatment session. The so-called "manual medicine", Osteopathy and Chiropractic, emerged in the late nineteenth century in the U.S., specifically the American School of Osteopathy was founded in 1892 by the forerunner of osteopathy, Andrew Taylor Still, granting the title of DO ( Doctor of Osteopathy).

Osteopathic Techniques

In Osteopathy uses a specific technique for each tissue of the body(joint, ligament, muscle, viscera or suture of the skull). There are two large groups of osteopathic techniques: The structural techniques: techniques fall into rhythmic thrust and soft tissue techniques: Those of thrust are used to correct somatic dysfunction and its implementation using low amplitude and high speed. The combination of these techniques the parameters under movement allows to decrease the force, so as to avoid any type of trauma to the patient's tissues. 

Rhythmic techniques are primarily aimed at those soft tissues andarticulaciones. Un example of these techniques are those of:stretching, pumping, post-isometric relaxation, myofascial, etc.. Functional techniques are those that apply in order to relax the muscles, myofascial tension inhibit and applied not only in skeletal muscle but also cranial and visceral level.

Indications of Osteopathy

The fields of action of Osteopathy are threefold:

Locomotor system in general, but especially the spine.

The spinal pain represent the most frequent reason for consultation in osteopathy: cervical pain, torticollis, cervicobrachial neuralgia, back pain, lumbago, sciatica or cruralgias are diseases where Osteopathy is very effective

Osteopathy and lumbar disc hernias:

Although not always deleted Osteopathy hernia itself, in a high percentage of cases get avoid surgery, to reduce symptoms caused by the hernia and improve function of the segment.

Treatments include joint manipulation, soft tissue treatment, and flexion-distraction on special table (flexion distraction associated with other osteopathic techniques can act at the level of the intervertebral disc and decreasing pumping disc edema, acts on ligaments, joint capsules, muscles, improving circulation and suppressing local tissue referred pain is related to these items).

It is indicated also in the throes of the members, such as scapulohumeral periarthritis, muscle algia, etc ... Osteopathic treatment is of special interest in sports injuries and Chronic pain in arthritic type, etc ... Osteopathy can also be used as a preventive therapy to avoid relapses and also the emergence of new pictures sintomatics. In the chapter on contraindications and with regard to the application of techniques "manipulative", are several diseases that weaken the structures to manipulate: bone cancers, inflammatory rheumatism, fractures and dislocations, skeletal malformations, advanced osteoporosis, and certain vertebrobasilar insufficiency dizziness, paralysis, etc ....

The visceral system, particularly the gastro-intestinal and gynecological sphere.

Functional system imbalances and visceral osteopathy found its solution: the case of disorders such as gastritis, hiatal hernia, abdominal discomfort, constipation, digestive disorders in relation to the gallbladder, menstrual disorders (dysmenorrhea, intermenstrual syndrome and some other diseases the genital area).
It is also of great help in asthma, postpartum urinary incontinence, pain of the coccyx. The visceral treatment often may be necessary to relieve certain pains of the musculoskeletal system: indeed the visceral system projects sometimes suffering spine level (viscero-somatic reflexes).

The skull.

Thanks to cranial osteopathy can treat many diseases of various etiologies such as headaches and migraines, eye problems, ear, sinusitis and rhinitis, temporomandibular joint problems, etc ...

To understand these lesions is essential to know the anatomy, physiology and pathology, and develop a level of practice manual dexterity necessary to implement the various diagnostic tests and treatment techniques.

Osteopathy and temporomandibular joint disorders

Associated with orthodontic treatment, osteopathic treatment can effectively treat temporomandibular joint pain. Has effectively applied in the treatment of occlusal disorders (class 1, 2, 3 and occlusion). A patient with occlusal disorders also presents a disorder associated positioning. His osteopathic treatment acts on the occlusion and the potential of swallowing disorders that the patient may have.

OSTEOPATHY IS A GLOBAL BODY TREATMENT, HOLISTIC.

Pain and Osteopathy

There is not always a correlation between the segment in dysfunction and osteopathic the area featuring pain: often the painful area is due to a hypermobile segment makes up a zone Cartage of joint fixation (hypomobility). This may be located above or below the region presenting the symptoms. Treating hypomobile areas of joint fixings, allows to decrease the compensation hypermobile fades inflammation of these and also allowing the removal or reduction of pain.

Osteopathic Treatment

The first half of osteopathic treatment includes a thorough examination: anamnesis, inspection of posture, palpation of tissues and joints, tests of active and passive mobilization, orthopedic and neurological tests, radiological examination and laboratory tests available to the patient.

The osteopathic examination will reveal all the mechanical alterations of the musculoskeletal system of the skull and visceral. After this careful evaluation, accurate, complete and comprehensive set the chain Osteopath patient's lesion. In the treatment the Osteopath apply a range of osteopathic techniques adapted to the previously established diagnosis.

The rate of treatment sessions varies from case to case, treatment is usually required every 15 days to three weeks, except in very acute cases where the meetings are conducted more frequently.

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